Chain-Isolated Architecture
dTRINITY maintains fully chain-isolated reserves and collateral for 
dUSD, 
sdUSD, and 
dLEND. Each network deployment is technically and economically distinct, supported by its own local infrastructure, assets, and liabilities. As a result, protocol-issued tokens may share similar names on different networks, but they are not fungible across chains (e.g., Fraxtal dUSD ≠ Ethereum dUSD).
dUSD, sdUSD, and dLEND. Each network deployment is technically and economically distinct, supported by its own local infrastructure, assets, and liabilities. As a result, protocol-issued tokens may share similar names on different networks, but they are not fungible across chains (e.g., Fraxtal dUSD ≠ Ethereum dUSD).By implementing chain-isolated architecture, dTRINITY intentionally sacrifices cross-chain fungibility and interoperability to contain potential risk and contagion from network-specific events.
Cross-Chain Swaps
Cross-chain swaps between non-fungible tokens may be facilitated via third-party protocols (e.g., Frax), allowing users to move capital between dTRINITY’s chain-isolated ecosystems. This is done by swapping dUSD for an intermediary, multichain asset (e.g., frxUSD), then converting it into native dUSD on the destination chain.
Example flows:
- Fraxtal dUSD → Swap → Fraxtal frxUSD → Bridge → Ethereum frxUSD → Swap → Ethereum dUSD
- Fraxtal sdUSD → Swap → Fraxtal frxUSD → Bridge → Ethereum frxUSD → Swap → Ethereum sdUSD
Current Networks
Fraxtal is Frax’s Ethereum Layer 2 (L2), designed to bring high-performance, low-cost execution to stablecoin and DeFi applications. Built on the OP Stack, Fraxtal inherits Ethereum security while delivering a seamless developer and user experience. Fraxtal is also positioned as the canonical settlement and growth layer for the Frax ecosystem.
Since dTRINITY’s first debut in December 2024, Fraxtal has been its genesis network where all protocol components are natively deployed.
Users on Fraxtal can earn FXTL Points from the network’s native reward system. For more details, please refer to Fraxtal’s documentation.
Katana is an Ethereum L2 developed by Polygon and GSR, designed to scale DeFi-native applications with fast execution, low fees, and deep liquidity. Katana also recycles yield generated from productive bridge collateral back into its ecosystem to stimulate economic activity, creating a self-reinforcing feedback loop similar in spirit to dTRINITY’s subsidy model.
dTRINITY expanded to Katana natively in October 2025, but only with dUSD. Instead of deploying other protocol components independently on Katana, dTRINITY leverages strategic partnerships with Morpho and Yearn to enable subsidized lending markets and composable vaults for dUSD. This light deployment model serves as a testbed for faster, more efficient chain expansions in the future.
Users on Katana can earn KAT Points from the network’s native reward system. For more details, please refer to Katana’s documentation.
Ethereum is the world's leading ecosystem for DeFi applications, capturing more than half of all onchain TVL (total value locked). As the most secure and decentralized, smart contract-enabled blockchain, Ethereum serves as the ultimate settlement layer for high-value transactions and scaling adoption.
dTRINITY expanded to Ethereum mainnet in January 2026 with the native deployments of dUSD and sdUSD. Other protocol components, including dLEND, dETH, and dLOOP, will be released later.
Future Networks
After Ethereum, the dTRINITY plans to expand to other L2 networks, including Base, the largest L2 by onchain TVL. Future expansions to non-EVM networks may be considered in 2027.